of Clay, Sand & Gravel

All over  the earth are deep beds of clay,  sand and gravel. They are conspicuously present on most of the  surface of the earth. I have found deep beds at the top of the Rocky Mountain ranges and in valleys on islands in the carribean. Gravel is everywhere.

  The traditional geologic theory states that they are the remains of earlier mountains that have since worn away and all that is left is the quartz sand and gravel. The gravel is rounded in shape because it has been worn in streams, tumbled along for eons. The only problem is that natural gravel and tumbled gravel have very different surfaces.

Gravel,  in my opinion, proves that there was one heak of a catastrophic event in the recent past. If you look at the surface of gravel you find the most amazing details.

Microscopic inspection of natural  gravel reveals that the surfaces are not abraded like tubled gravel. Natural gravel has a variety of features, textures, and finsihes. I have even found shrink wrinkled   finishes like those found on old avionics. Some have areas of small globules that have mirror finishes.  These types of finishes are very different from beach and stream worked tumbled gravel.

Look at the pictures on the right and you can plainly see that tumbled gravel has a spherical wear plane over the surface with plucks that are gouged into the surface.

Natural gravels on the other hand have surfaces that do not show a spherial wear plane. They have textured suraces. Some have crystalyn surfaces and sharp intersections of crystal planes. Others have shiney blisters on the surface. These are not rare features of gravel, these are the norm. Any gravel that has not been stream or beach tumbled has these features. I would estimate that 95% of all the gravel on the face of the earth has never been tumbled. 

The Bible discusses the formation of these materials during the flood of Noah as the opening of the fountains of the deep.

During the catastrophe that the flood of Noah describes there were gigantic fissures that formed in the crust. The crust cracked through to the molten stratified layers of elements deep in the earth. Some of these layers contain liquid silicon, which when mixed with oxygen becomes silicon dioxide or quartz.

During the catastrophe these cracks opened and closed repeatedly forcing molten material to the surface if the earth.

There are many different types of sands and gravel. Each type is formed by a specific set of conditions. There were a wide variety of mixes of material arriving at the surface at different rates encountering different conditions. This explains all the different types of clay, sand and gravel we find all over the surface of the earth.

Some materials were very thin and were sprayed as a fine mist into space and formed fine clays of specific materials. Some mixes were thicker and formed droplets of quartz that came upward into a sea, or fell into a sea and shattered into the coarse quartz sands.

Others formed globules of gravel of different sizes depending on the thrust of the material the gaseous content of the air and the gravity condition at the time of the expulsion.

There are even gigantic spherical granite boulders 10 feet in circumference that have been found in Mexico.

The process of propelling the material upward was simple. As the crack opens at the bottom molten material is drawn into the crack. See the page the data on crustal flexing. When this section of crust rotates again around the tighter arc the material is forced upward and out the top. This pumps the molten material upward higher up the crevasse where it is forced upward and out as the crevasse slams back shut. This is material that has been at extremely high temperatures and pressures,  suddenly arriving at the surface from the depths.

This rapid decompression causes the material to explode upward as the pressure is released spraying the molten materials into the air. The event is described in the Bible as the opening of the fountains of the deep. This is the process that formed all the sands and clays that are intermixed in the layers of the deposited  sedimentary crust. Certain conditions would have  material arrive at the surface  as a gaseous vapor. In these cases the materials condensed into clays and sands.

The larger vapor droplets formed larger grained material. These sometimes were shattered into coarse grained sands by contact with water and rapid cooling. The larger droplets and globules formed the gravel that is littered over the earth in deep beds.

The right conditions at certain times formed very large rounded globules of magnesium or granite gravel. Gravel, sand and clay all come in a variety of mixes and sizes and the conditions that existed at the location determined the amount and the type of deposition. Some deposits were vast like the sands that washed down the Rio Grande creating the beaches that run for hundreds of miles.  There were other sands like white sands in New Mexico or the Big Bear dunes in Michigan where the specific sand is only in a small area.

The molten material is sent aloft by the crustal pumping action and the expansion of relieved pressure. During the apex of the event it stayed airborne for extended periods, enough time to harden into smooth globes. Some gravel fell to earth and then was pummeled by other gravel fracturing the brittle surface but the parts held together because the inside was still soft and pliable.